A TALAJTANI TÉNYEZŐK SZEREPE AZ AFLATOXIN-KOCKÁZAT ALAKULÁSÁBAN
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Szerzők: Cím: A TALAJTANI TÉNYEZŐK SZEREPE AZ AFLATOXIN-KOCKÁZAT ALAKULÁSÁBAN DOI: https://doi.org/10.71066/FTTMK.2.08 Megjelent: 2026 |
ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS
A klímaváltozással összefüggő gyakoribb hőhullámok és aszályos időszakok Európa mérsékelt égövi területein is növelik a termények aflatoxinnal való szennyeződésének kockázatát. A szennyeződés kialakulását az aflatoxintermelő Aspergillus fajok, a gazdanövény állapota és a környezeti feltételek kölcsönhatása határozza meg. A tanulmány azt tekinti át, hogy a talaj pH-ja, nitrogén-, foszfor- és káliumellátottsága, szervesanyag-tartalma és biológiai állapota miként befolyásolhatja a gombák fennmaradását, a növényi fertőzést és az aflatoxin-felhalmozódást. A szakirodalmi eredmények alapján egyetlen talajtulajdonság sem tekinthető az aflatoxin-szennyeződés önálló előrejelzőjének, mivel hatásuk a növény stresszállapotával és az időjárási viszonyokkal összefüggésben érvényesül. A kiegyensúlyozott tápanyagellátás, a talaj kedvező vízgazdálkodásának és biológiai működésének fenntartása, valamint a növényi stressz mérséklése hozzájárulhat a betakarítás előtti kockázat csökkentéséhez. Ezt a betakarítást követően gyors szárítással és biztonságos tárolással szükséges kiegészíteni. Az eredményes megelőzés ezért a termőhelyi adottságok, a talajállapot, a növény stressztűrő képessége, valamint a termesztési és tárolási gyakorlat együttes értékelését igényli.
KULCSSZAVAK
aflatoxin, Aspergillus flavus, talaj pH-ja, tápanyag-gazdálkodás, talajmikrobiom
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